Techniques for forwarding or receiving data segments associated with a large data packet

ABSTRACT

Examples are disclosed for forwarding or receiving data segments associated with a large data packets. In some examples, a large data packet may be segmented into a number of data segments having separate headers that include identifiers to associate the data segments with the large data packet. The data segments with separate headers may then be forwarded from a network node via a communication channel. In other examples, the data segments with separate headers may be received at another network node and then recombined to form the large data, packet at the other network node. Other examples are described and claimed.

BACKGROUND

Transmitting or receiving data in a communication network may involve acertain amount of processing overhead per data unit or data framesreceived or forwarded at a network node. Network nodes interconnectedtogether via various types of communication channels are includingcapabilities to process increasingly larger blocks of data by elementsof the operating system (OS) for these network nodes (e.g., the OSstack). Yet most network communication channels may establish a maximumtransmission unit (MTU) for data frames that may include substantiallysmaller amounts of data than can be processed by network nodes havingthese increased capabilities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example network.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example system.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example data frame format.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example data segment header format.

FIG. 5 illustrates a first example transmit path.

FIG. 6 illustrates a second example transmit path.

FIG. 7 illustrates a first example receive path.

FIG. 8 illustrates a second example receive path.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example segmentation manager

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example reassembly manager.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example flow diagram for forwarding data segmentsassociated with a large data packet.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example flow diagram for receiving data segmentsassociated with a large data packet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As contemplated in the present disclosure, network communicationchannels may establish an MTU for data frames that may includesubstantially smaller amounts of data than can be processed by networknodes having increased capabilities. For example, communication channelsoperating in compliance with industry standards such as the variousEthernet standards promulgated by the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) may establish given MTUs that may besubstantially smaller than elements at a network node can process. Forexample, one such Ethernet standard may include IEEE 802.3-2008, Carriersense Multiple access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Methodand Physical Layer Specifications, Published in December 2008(hereinafter “IEEE 802.3”). A communication channel arranged to operatein compliance with IEEE 802.3 may have an MTU of 1.5 kilobytes (kBs).Yet a network node may have computing resources (e.g., powerful centralprocessing units (CPUs), large capacity memory channels, direct memoryaccess schemes, etc.) to enable the network node's OS stack to be ableto process a block or chunk of data much larger than 1.5 kBs. Hence,computing resources at the network nodes may be inefficiently utilizeddue to the extra overhead these resources may use when processingmultiple small portions of data, rather than fewer large data portions.

In some examples, when processing data for transmission, networkinput/output (I/O) devices for network nodes may include offloadresources to lessen the overhead load of these smaller portions oncomputing resources. One such solution may be Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP) segmentation offload (TSO). However, TSO only works whenTCP is being used. Also, TSO does not work well in congested networksbecause TSO may not deal well with lost packets.

According to some examples, large receive offload (LRO) schemes may bedeployed to deal with computing processing bottlenecks at the receiver.However, LRO schemes are difficult to implement because received dataframes may be interleaved with data frames received from a multitude ofnetwork connections. Also, LRO schemes, in light of the interleaved dataframes, need to aggregate data frames. Aggregation of data frames addslatency. Further, network node resources used to implement LRO schemesmay only be able to handle a limited number of concurrent activeaggregations (total context size).

According to some examples, communication channels operating inaccordance with IEEE 802.3 may transmit and receive jumbo data frames toreduce per-frame overhead. However, these jumbo data frames still bumpup against MTUs that may go as high as 16 kBs. Also, IEEE 802.3 jumbodata frames are based on a per-link setting, their use may be difficultto negotiate, and jumbo data frames often impact network switchperformance. Since jumbo data, frames may not be stopped in the middleto allow transmitting higher priority traffic, jumbo data frames mayalso impose a large latency on high priority network traffic. As aresult of the above-mentioned limitations in TSO, LSO and jumbo dataframes, employing a scheme to allow for larger blocks of data to beprocessed by computing resources such as an OS stack may be problematicwhen transmitting and receiving data frames at a network node that issubject to relatively small communication channel MTUs.

In some examples, techniques are implemented for forwarding or receivingdata segments associated with a large data packet. According to someforwarding examples, a notification may be received that a large data,packet is ready to be forwarded from a network node to a destination.The large data packet may include an amount of data that is larger thana maximum transmission unit (MTU) associated with individual data framesto be forwarded from the network node via a communication channel. Also,the large data packet may be segmented into a plurality of datasegments. In some examples, each data segment may include an amount ofdata that is no greater than the MTU. Separate headers may then begenerated for each of the data segments. The separate headers mayinclude a first identifier to indicate an association with the largedata packet, a sequence number to indicate a respective sequence of eachdata segment, and a checksum. The data segments with separate headersmay then be forwarded via the communication channel.

According to some receiving examples, a data segment at a network nodemay be received via a communication channel. The data segment mayinclude a header having an identifier that indicates the data segment isone of a plurality of data segments associated with a large data packetdestined for the network node. The header may also include a checksumand a sequence number to indicate a sequence of the data segment inrelation to the plurality of data segments. Additional data segments mayalso be received at the network node. The additional data segments mayseparately have headers that include the identifier and also haveheaders that include checksums and sequence numbers to indicate arespective sequence of the additional data segments in relation to theplurality of data segments. In some examples, a data payload for thereceived data segment may be combined with data payloads for thereceived additional data segments. The combined data payloads may format least a portion of the large data packet that has a data size largerthan a maximum transmission unit (MTU) associated with individual dataframes received via the communication channel.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example network 100. In some examples, FIG. 1depicts network 100 including network nodes 110, 120 and intermediatenetwork nodes 130, 140 interconnected via communication channels,150-154, This disclosure is not limited to a network including twonetwork nodes and two intermediate network nodes as shown in FIG. 1. Anynumber of network nodes, intermediate network nodes that may beinterconnected by any number of communication channels may becontemplated by this disclosure. According to some examples, as shown inFIG. 1, network nodes 110, 120 separately include a segmentation manager102 and a reassembly manager 104.

In some examples, elements of network 100 depicted in FIG. 1 may operateaccording to various communication protocol, standards or models. Forexample, elements of network 100 data frames may be forwarded orreceived via communication channels 150-154 in a protocol formatassociated with layer 2 (e.g., data link layer) protocol format. Onesuch protocol format may be described in an Ethernet standard such asIEEE 802.3 or other IEEE standards (including progenies and variants)such as the IEEE 802.11-2008, Standard for Informationtechnology—Telecommunications and information exchange betweensystems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements, Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications, published in June 2007 (hereinafter “IEEE 802.11”). Thisdisclosure is not limited to only Ethernet standard protocol formatsassociated with layer 2 protocol formats.

In some examples, segmentation manager 102 may include logic and/orfeatures to segment a large data packet prepared by computing resources(not shown in FIG. 1) at either network node 110 or 120. For theseexamples, the computing resources (e.g., OS stack elements) may havegenerated the large data packet based on protocols associated withhigher layer protocol formats than layer 2 protocol formats, e.g., layer3 and above protocols such network layer protocols, transport layerprotocols, etc.). The large data packet, for example, may include anamount of data that may be larger than an MTU associated with individualdata frames than can be forwarded via one or more communication channels150-154. As described more below, in some examples, a transmit path fora large data packet may include logic and/or features of segmentationmanager 102 segmenting the large data packet into a plurality of datasegments that each include an amount of data that is not greater thanthe MTU. Segmentation manger 102 may also include logic and/or featuresto generate separate headers for the data segments and then forward thedata segments with separate headers. For example, the data segments maybe forwarded from network node 110 via one or more of communicationchannels 150, 151 or 154 or may be forwarded from network node 120 viaone or more of communication channels 150, 152 or 153.

According to some examples, reassembly manager 104 may include logicand/or features to receive data segments associated with large datapackets. As described more below, in some examples, a receive path forthe data segments received at a network node may include logic and/orfeatures of reassembly manager 104 combining data payloads for receiveddata segments in order to reassemble large data packets. The reassembledlarge data packets may have a data size larger than an MTU associatedwith data frames that can be received over the communication link viawhich the network node received the data segments. For example, the datasegments may be received from network node 110 via one or more ofcommunication channels 150, 151 or 154 or may be received from networknode 120 via one or more of communication channels 150, 152 or 153. Oncethe large data packet has been reassembled, reassembly manager 104 mayindicate to OS stack elements associated with higher layer protocolsthat the large data packet has been received.

According to both the transmit path and receive path examples mentionedabove, OS stack elements at network nodes 110 or 120 may be unaware thatlarge data packets are being segmented and then reassembled. Forexample, the OS stack elements see the large data packet while networkelements (e.g., communication channels 150-154 or intermediate networknodes 130, 140) see data segments that are compliant with MTUrequirements. In some examples, separate headers may be generated bysegmentation manager 102 for each data segment. The separate headers mayassociate the data segments with a given large data packet. The separateheaders may enable reassembly manager 104 to combine the data segmentsto reassemble the large data packet yet provide an illusion to the OSstack elements that the large data packet was transmitted as a singleunit. This illusion may be referred to as a “virtual jumbo data frame”.

In some examples, intermediate nodes 130 or 140 may be deployed asnetwork switches for network 100. For these examples intermediate nodes130 or 140 may include logic and/or features to be able to read at leastportions of separate headers for data segments. The logic and/orfeatures may use information included in the separate headers todetermine whether one or more data segments associated with a givenlarge data packet have not been received or have been received witherrors. An indication may then be provided by the switch back to thesource of a missing data segment and/or the source of a data segmentreceived with errors. The indication may inform the source that a datasegment was missing or was received with errors. The logic and/orfeatures at intermediate nodes 130 or 140 may also use the informationin the separate headers to manage or arbitrate data traffic flow throughthese intermediate nodes.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example system 200. According to some examples,system 200 may represent elements of a computing platform maintained atnetwork node 110 or network node 120. As shown in FIG. 2, system 200includes operating system(s) 210, application(s) 220, networkinput/output (I/O) device 230, user input/output (I/O) device 240, astorage 250, a memory 260, a central processing unit (CPU) 270, achipset 280, and communications (comms) 290.

According to some examples, several interfaces are also depicted in FIG.2 for interconnecting and/or communicatively coupling elements of system200. For example, user interface 215 and interface 235 may allow forusers (not shown) and/or application(s) 220 to interact with operatingsystem(s) 210. Also, interface 235 may allow for elements of operatingsystem(s) 210 (e.g., device driver(s) 211, network I/O driver 212, OSstack elements 213) to communicatively couple to elements of system 200such as network I/O device 230, user I/O device(s) 240, storage 250,memory 260, CPU 270, chipset 280 or comms 290. Interface 254, forexample, may allow hardware and/or firmware elements of system 200 tocommunicatively couple together, e.g., via a system bus or other type ofinternal communication channel.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 2, system 100 may include operatingsystem(s) 210. Operating system(s) 210, for example, may include one ormore operating systems. Separate operating systems included in operatingsystems(s) 210 may be implemented as part of separate virtual machinessupported by elements of system 200. For these examples, the separatevirtual machines may be associated with one or more processors includedin CPU 270.

According to some examples, as shown in FIG. 2, operating system(s) 210may include device driver(s) 211, network I/O device driver 212 andoperating system (OS) stack elements 213. Device driver(s) 211 mayinclude logic and/or features configured to interact withhardware/firmware type elements of system 200 (e.g., via interface 235).For example, device driver(s) 211 may include device drivers to controlor direct storage 250 or memory 260 to fulfill requests made byapplication(s) 220 or operating system(s) 210.

As shown in FIG. 2, operating system(s) 210 includes network 170 devicedriver 212. In some examples, network I/O device driver 212 may includelogic and/or features to allow network I/O device 230 to interact withCPU 270, memory 260, chipset 280 or comms 290 in order toreceive/forward data via communication channels coupled to system 200.As described more below, network I/O device driver 212 may includesegmentation manager 102 and reassembly manager 104. According to someexamples, segmentation manager 102 and reassembly manager 104 includedin network I/O device driver 212 may enable a software implementation ofsegmenting and/or reassembly of large data packets.

As shown in FIG. 2, operating system(s) 210 includes OS stack elements213. In some examples, OS stack elements 213 may include logic and/orfeatures to process data received/forwarded from a network node thatincludes system 200. According to some examples, OS stack elements 213may implement protocols associated with layer 3 and above protocols. Asdescribed more below, OS stack elements 213 may be configured to operatein cooperation with segmentation manger 102 and/or reassembly manager104 to process large data packets received/forwarded at a network nodethat includes system 200.

In some examples, application(s) 220 may include applications that maybeimplemented on system 200. For these examples, applications(s) 220 mayrequest access (e.g., through operating system(s) 210) or use ofelements of system such as network I/O device 230, user I/O device(s)240, storage 250, memory 260 or CPU 170.

According to some examples, network I/O device 230 may enable system 200to couple to communication channels associated with a network (e.g.,network 100). For example, network I/O device 230 may be arranged tofunction as a network interface card (NIC) for system 200. As shown inFIG. 2, network I/O device driver 212 may include segmentation manager102 and reassembly manager 104. According to some examples, as describedmore below, segmentation manager 102 and reassembly manager 104 may beincluded in network I/O device 212 in order to enable a hardwareimplementation of segmenting and/or reassembling of large data packets.

In some examples, user I/O device(s) 240 may include one or more userinput devices coupled to interface 254 for entering data and commands tobe implemented by elements of system 200. Similarly, user I/O device(s)240 may include one or more user output devices coupled to interface 254for outputting information to an operator or user.

In some examples, storage 250 may include various types of memoryconfigured to be implemented or operated in a storage mode of operation.Storage 250 may include at least one or a combination of different typesof storage devices to store relatively large amounts of data. Thesedifferent types of storage devices may include, but are not limited to,one or more of a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, a tapedrive, an internal storage device, an attached storage device, flashmemory, battery backed-up SDRAM (synchronous DRAM), a network accessiblestorage device, and/or other types of non-volatile memory (e.g., phasechange memory (PCM)).

According to some examples, memory 260 may include at least one or acombination of different types of memory to include random access memory(RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), phasechange material RAM (PRAM), and/or other types of volatile memory. Insome examples, memory 260 may be configured to maintain transmit/receivebuffers used to at least temporarily store large data packets before,after or during segmentation or reassembly.

According to some examples, CPU 270 may be implemented as a centralprocessing unit for system 200. CPU 270 may include one or moreprocessors separately having one or more processor cores. The processorsincluded in CPU 270 may be any type of processor, such as, for example,a multi-core processor, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC), aprocessor having a pipeline, a complex instruction set computer (CISC),digital signal processor (DSP), and so forth.

In some examples, chipset 280 may provide intercommunication amongoperating system(s) 210, network user device 230, user I/O device(s)240, storage 250, memory 260, CPU 270 or comms 290. For example, chipset280 may provide intercommunication between operating system(s) 210,network I/O device 230, user I/O device(s) 240, storage 250 and CPU 270to retrieve information from storage 250 to display graphics on adisplay included in user I/O device(s) 240. The graphics may have beenrendered by CPU 270 at the request of an operating system included inoperating system(s) 210.

In some examples, comms 290 may include logic and/or features to enablesystem 200 to communicate externally with elements remote to system 200.These logic and/or features may include communicating over wired,wireless or optical communication channels or connections via one ormore wired, wireless or optical networks. In communicating across suchnetworks, comms 290 may operate in accordance with one or moreapplicable communication or networking standards in any version (e.g.,IEEE 802.3 or IEEE 802.11). Also, in some examples, comms 290 may beintegrated with network I/O device 230 in order to receive/forward datavia communication channels coupled to a network node that includessystem 200.

As mentioned above, interface 254, may allow hardware and/or firmwareelements of system 200 to communicatively couple together. According tosome examples, interface 254 may operate in accordance with one or moreprotocols or standards. These protocols or standards may be described inone or one or more industry standards (including progenies and variants)such as those associated with the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C)specification, the System Management Bus (SMBus) specification, theAccelerated Graphics Port (AGP) specification, the Peripheral ComponentInterconnect Express (PCI Express) specification, the Universal SerialBus (USB), specification, the High-Definition Multimedia Interface(HDMI) standard, the Digital Visual Interlace (DVI) specification, theBluetooth™ specification, or the Serial Advanced Technology Attachment(SATA) specification. Although this disclosure is not limited to onlythe above-mentioned standards and associated protocols.

In some examples, as mentioned above, system 200 may represent elementsof a computing platform maintained at network node 110 or network node120. For these examples, network node 110 or network node 120 mayinclude one or more computing devices. Example computing devices atnetwork node 110 or network node 120 may include, but are not limitedto, a server, a blade server, a computing board, a desktop computer, apersonal computer (PC) or a laptop computer.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example data segment format 300. As shown in FIG.3, data, segment format 300 includes fields 310 and 320, having a datasegment header and a payload, respectively. In some examples, datasegment format 300 may represent a data segment format for transmittingsegmented portions of a large data packet.

In some examples, the data segment header included in field 320 mayinclude information to associate a data segment, with a given large datapacket. Also, the payload included in field 330 may include a segmentedportion of the given large data packet. For these examples, the amountof total data included in a data frame having the format of data frameformat 300 may be no greater than the MTU for the communication channelvia which the data, frame will be received or forwarded.

According to some examples, although not shown, a communication channelheader may also be added to a data segment in the format of data segmentformat 300. For these examples, the communication channel header mayinclude protocol-specific information used to transmit data frames via acommunication channel. For example, if the communication channel wereoperated in accordance with an Ethernet standard the informationincluded in this additional header would be an Ethernet data frameheader. As a result of having the Ethernet data frame header, dataframes in the format of data frame format 300 may be in a protocolformat associated with layer 2 protocols (e.g., data link layerprotocols). This disclosure also contemplates other types ofprotocol-specific information besides Ethernet that may be associatedwith layer 2 protocols.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example data segment header format 400. As shownin FIG. 4, data segment header format 400 includes fields 410, 420, 430and 440 having an Internet Protocol (IP) header, a large data, packetidentifier, a sequence number, and a checksum, respectively. In someexamples, data segment header format 400 may represent the informationinclude in field 310 of a data segment in the format of data segmentformat 300 mentioned above for FIG. 3. This disclosure is not limitedthe arrangement of the fields 410, 420, 430 and 440 as shown in FIG. 4.Fields 410, 420, 430 and 440 may be arranged in any combination inrelation to each other and some fields may-even be removed.

According to some examples, IP header information included in field 410may include information to enable certain elements of a network node tohandle a data segment. For example, a receive or transmit path for adata segment having a header in the format of data segment, headerformat 400 may be associated with a software implementation havingsegmentation manager 102 and/or reassembly manager 104 at network I/Odevice driver 212 as mentioned above for FIG. 2. The IP headerinformation included in field 410 may enable network I/O device driver230 to route the data segment to/from network I/O device driver 212.

In alternative examples, a receive or transmit path for a data segmenthaving a header in the format of data segment header format 400 may beassociated with a hardware implementation having segmentation manager102 and reassembly manager 104 at network I/O device 230. For thesealternative examples, field 410 may be removed since segmentation andreassembly occurs by elements located at network I/O device 230 ratherthan by elements located at network I/O device driver 212.

In some examples, large data packet identifier information included infield 420 may include identifier information to associate a data segmentwith a given large data packet. For example, large data packets may beassigned identifiers either by OS stack elements 213 or by logic and/orfeatures at segmentation manager 102. According to some examples, theassigned identifiers may include information to indicate the source ofthe large data packet and/or may include randomly generated numbers thatmay uniquely identify a given large data packet.

According to some examples, sequence number information included infield 430 may include information to indicate what segmented portion ofa given large data packet is included in a data segment having a datasegment header in the format of data segment header format 400. Forexample, the sequence number information included in field 430 mayindicate that the data segment is segment “N” (where “N” represents anypositive whole integer) of “n” total segments (where “n” represents anypositive whole integer equal to or greater than “N”). So if sequencenumber information included in field 430 indicates N/n, the data segmentis the N^(th) segment of n total segments.

In some alternative examples, large packet identifier information infield 420 may include an indication of the total segments and sequencenumber information in field 430 may include countdown informationstarting at “N”. For these alternative examples, a first data segment inthe sequence would have a first sequence number equal to “N”. Subsequentdata segments would countdown from that first sequence number until thelast data segment has a sequence number equal to 1.

According to some examples, checksum information included in field 440may include information to verify the integrity or identify possibleerrors associated with data segments received at a network node. Field440 may be included at the end of a data, segment header in the formatof data segment header format 400 as shown in FIG. 4. Field 440 may alsobe located in other parts of a data segment header to include but notlimited to the front of the data segment header. For these examples, thechecksum information included in field 440 may also be used to allow forrecovery of a data segment independent from other data segmentsassociated with the large data packet.

FIG. 5 illustrates a first example transmit path 500. As shown in FIG.5, transmit path 500 indicates the transmit path a large data packet 510may follow as large data packet 510 is segmented and then forwarded tonetwork 100. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 5, elements of system200 as described in FIG. 2 are used to illustrate transmit path 500.Also, according to these examples, transmit path 500 depicted in FIG. 5shows a segmentation manager 102 at network I/O device 230 to indicate ahardware implementation of segmenting large data packet 510. For theseexamples, OS stack elements 213 may initially generate large data packet510. As shown in FIG. 5, large data packet 510 includes a large packetheader and a payload. The large packet header, for example, may includeinformation to indicate the destination of the data included in thepayload of large data packet 510. According to some examples, large datapacket 510 may be at least temporarily stored in a memory (e.g., memory260) for system 200.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 5, OS stack element 213 may indicateto or notify network I/O device driver 212 that large data packet 510 isready to be forwarded or transmitted to a destination (e.g., networknodes 110 or 120). The notification may include information to indicateone or more memory addresses associated with the memory where large datapacket 510 may be at least temporarily stored. For these examples,network I/O device driver 212 may relay that notification to network I/Odevice 230. Based on the notification, a segmentation manager 102 atnetwork I/O device 230 may include logic and/or features to segmentlarge data packet 510 into a plurality of data segments. Segmentation oflarge data packet 510 may include accessing the memory associated withthe memory addresses included in the notification to obtain portions ofthe large data packet to be included in the data segments.

According to some examples, as shown in FIG. 5, data segments 520-1 to520-m (where “m” is any positive integer greater than 1), in the formatof data segment format 300 may be the result of the segmentation oflarge data packet 510. For these examples, data segment headers includedin each of the data frames 520-1 to 520-m may be in the format of datasegment header format 400. The data segment headers may includeinformation to at least associate data segments 520-1 to 520-m withlarge data packet 510 and also to indicate respective sequenceinformation. Also included in data segments 520-1 to 520-m is a payloadthat holds or contains the segmented portions of large data packet 510.

According to some examples, network 100 may operate in compliance withone or more of the Ethernet standards such as IEEE 802.3 or IEEE 802.11.For these examples, the MTU for communication channels of network 100may be 1.5 kBs and the payload of large data packet 510 may include anamount of data much larger than 1.5 kBs (e.g., ≧64 kBs). Also, for theseexamples, a communication channel header may be added to data segments520-1 to 520-m. The communication channel header may be an Ethernetheader to enable these data segments to be forwarded via thecommunication channels of network 100 that operate in compliance withIEEE 802.3.

FIG. 6 illustrates a second example transmit path 600. According to someexamples, transmit path 600 is similar to transmit path 500 shown inFIG. 5 with the exception that segmentation manager 102 is located withnetwork I/O device driver 212. For these examples, transmit path 600indicates a software implementation of segmenting a large data packet610.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 6, OS stack element 213 may indicateto or notify network I/O device driver 212 that large data packet 610 isready to be forwarded or transmitted to a destination. The notificationmay include information to indicate a memory address associated with thememory where large data packet 610 may be at least temporarily stored.For these examples, segmentation manager 102 at network I/O devicedriver 212 may include logic and/or features to segment large datapacket 610 into a plurality of data segments. Segmentation of large datapacket 610 may include accessing the memory associated with the one ormore memory addresses included in the notification to obtain portions ofthe large data packet to be included in the data segments.

According to some examples, as shown in FIG. 6, data segments 620-1 to620-m, in the format of data segment format 300 may be the result of thesegmentation of large data packet 610. For these examples, data segmentheaders included in each of the data segments 620-1 to 620-m may be inthe format of data segment header format 400. The data segment headersmay include information to at least associate data segments 620-1 to620-m with large data packet 610 and also to indicate respectivesequence information.

FIG. 7 illustrates a first example receive path 700. As shown in FIG. 7,receive path 700 indicates a receive path for data segments havingpayloads that may be recombined to form large data packets. In someexamples, as shown in FIG. 7, elements of system 200 as described inFIG. 2 are used to illustrate receive path 700. Also, according to theseexamples, receive path 700 depicted in FIG. 7 shows a reassembly manager104 at network I/O device 230 to indicate a hardware implementation ofcombining payloads of data segments to reassemble large data packets.The separate large packet headers for large data packets 710, 720, 730and 740, for example, may include information to indicate the source ofthe data included in the payloads of these large data packets and otherinformation to be used by OS stack elements 213 to process the largedata packets. According to some examples, the large data packets may beat least temporarily stored in a memory (e.g., memory 260) for system200.

According to some examples, as shown in FIG. 7, reassembly manager 104at network I/O device 230 may include logic and/or features to receivedata segments 750 and 760 from network 100. For these examples, datasegments 750 and 760 may be in the format of data segment format 300 andthe data segment headers included in each of these data segments may bein the format of data segment header format 400. Reassembly manager 104may also include logic and/or features to obtain information from thedata, segment headers include in data segments 750 and 760. Thisobtained information may enable reassembly manager 104 to determinewhich large data packet(s) from among large data packets 710, 720, 730or 740 that data segments 750 or 760 may be associated with. Theinformation obtained may also be used to determine each data segment'srespective sequence related to other data segments associated with thesame large data packet.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 7, reassembly manager 104 maydetermine that data segment 750 is associated with large data, packet720 and data segment 760 is associated with large data packet 704. Forthese examples, sequence information included in the segmented packet,header for data frame 750 may indicate this data segment is the first(l/n) of a plurality of data segments associated with large data packet720. Reassembly manager 104 may then place at least the payload of datasegment 750 in a memory having one or more memory addresses associatedwith or allocated for large data packet 720. The payload of data segment750 may be placed in the memory based on the obtained sequenceinformation. Also, sequence information included in the data segmentheader included in data segment 760 may indicate the associated datasegment is the last (N/n) of a plurality of data segments for large datapacket 740. Reassembly manager 104 may then place at least the payloadof data frame 760 in the one or more memory address associated with orallocated for large data packet 740. The payload of data segment 750 mayalso be placed in the memory based on the obtained sequence information.

According to some examples, since the data segment, included in datasegment 760 may be the last (N/n) of a plurality of data segmentsassociated with large data packet 740, reassembly manager 104 mayinclude logic and/or features to cause a notification to be relayed toOS stack elements 213. For these examples, the notification may indicateto OS stack element 213 that large data packet 740 has been received.The notification, for example, may include a memory address associatedwith where the combined data payloads for large data packet 740 werestored in the memory for system 200.

In some examples, payload information included in a data frame mayinclude the large packet header information. For example, the first datasegment in a sequence (e.g., l/n) may be reserved to hold the largepacket header information in its payload. In other examples, the lastdata segment in a sequence (e.g., N/n) may be reserved to hold the largepacket header information in its payload.

FIG. 8 illustrates a second example receive path 800. According to someexamples, receive path 800 is similar to receive path 700 shown in FIG.7 with the exception that reassembly manager 104 is located with networkI/O device driver 212. For these examples, receive path 800 indicates asoftware implementation of combining data segments associated with largedata packets.

In some examples, network I/O device 230 may receive data segments 850and 860 from network 100. Once received by network I/O device 230,reassembly manager 104 at network I/O device driver 212 may includelogic and/or features to combine the payload included in data segment850 with large data packet 820 in a similar manner as described abovefor FIG. 7. Reassembly manager 104 at network I/O device driver 212 mayalso combine the payload included in data segment 860 with large datapacket 840 and notify OS stack element 213 in a similar manner asdescribed above for FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example architecture for asegmentation manager 102. In some examples, segmentation manager 102includes features and/or logic configured or arranged for segmentinglarge data packets to be forwarded towards a destination from a networknode coupled to a communication channel of a network. According to someexamples, as shown in FIG. 9, segmentation manager 102 includes asegment logic 910, a control logic 920, a memory 930 and input/output(I/O) interfaces 940. As illustrated in FIG. 9, segment logic 910 may becoupled to control logic 920, memory 930 and I/O interfaces 940. Segmentlogic 910 may include one or more of a receive feature 912, a segmentfeature 914, a header feature 916 or a forward feature 918, or anyreasonable combination thereof.

In some examples, the elements portrayed in FIG. 9 are configured tosupport or enable segmentation manager 102 as described in thisdisclosure. A given segmentation manager 102 may include some, all ormore elements than those depicted in FIG. 9. For example, segment logic910 and control logic 920 may separately or collectively represent awide variety of logic device(s) or executable content to implement thefeatures of segmentation manager 102. Example logic devices may includeone or more of a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a processor circuit,a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a sequestered thread or a core of amulti-core/multi-threaded microprocessor, or a combination thereof.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 9, receive feature 912, segmentfeature 914, header feature 916 or forward feature 918. In someexamples, these features may separately or collectively represent logic,instructions or executable content. Segment logic 910 may be configuredto use one or more of these features to perform operations. For example,receive feature 912 may receive a notification from OS stack elementsthat a large data packet is ready to be forwarded from a network node.Segment feature 914 may segment the large data packet into a pluralityof data segments. Header feature 916 may generate headers for theplurality of data segments. Forward feature 918 may then forward thedata segments via a communication channel coupled to the network node.Also, receive feature 912 may receive indications that data segmentswere either not received or were received with errors.

In some examples, control logic 920 may be configured to control theoverall operation of segmentation manager 102. As mentioned above,control logic 920 may represent any of a wide variety of logic device(s)or executable content. For some examples, control logic 920 may beconfigured to operate in conjunction with executable content orinstructions to implement the control of segmentation manager 102. Insome alternate examples, the features and functionality of control logic920 may be implemented within segment logic 910.

According to some examples, memory 930 may be arranged to storeexecutable content or instructions for use by control logic 920 and/orsegment logic 910. The executable content or instructions may be used toimplement or activate features, elements or logic of segmentationmanager 102. Memory 930 may also be arranged to at least temporarilymaintain information associated with segmenting large data packets intoa plurality of data segments.

Memory 930 may include a wide variety of non-volatile memory mediaincluding, but not limited to, one or more types of flash memory,programmable variables or states, ROM, RAM, or other static or dynamicstorage media.

In some examples, I/O interfaces 940 may provide an interface via alocal communication medium or link between segmentation manager 102 andelements of system such as system 200. I/O interfaces 940 may includeinterfaces that operate according to various communication protocols orstandards to communicate over the local communication medium or link.These communication protocols or standards may be described in one ormore industry standards (including progenies and variants) such as thoseassociated with the I²C specification, the SMBus specification, the PCIExpress specification or the USB, specification. This disclosure is notlimited to only the above-mentioned standards and associated protocols.

According to some examples, I/O interfaces 940 may provide an interfacevia a network communication medium link or channel between segmentationmanager 102 and elements located remote with respect to a network nodeincluding segmentation manager 102. I/O interfaces 940 may includeinterfaces that operate according to various communication protocols orstandards to communicate over the network communication medium link orchannel. These communication protocols or standards may be described instandards or specifications (including progenies and variants) such asthe Ethernet standard. This disclosure is not limited to only theEthernet standard and its associated protocols.

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example architecture forreassembly manager 104. In some examples, reassembly manager 104includes features and/or logic configured or arranged for reassemblingdata segments associated with one or more large data packets. Accordingto some examples, as shown in FIG. 10, reassembly manager 104 includes acombine logic 1010, a control logic 1020, a memory 1030 and input/output(I/O) interfaces 1040. As illustrated in FIG. 10, combine logic 1010maybe coupled to control logic 1020, memory 1030 and I/O interfaces1040. Combine logic 1010 may include one or more of a receive feature1012, a combine feature 1014, a sequence feature 1016 or an indicatefeature 1018, or any reasonable combination thereof.

In some examples, the elements portrayed in FIG. 10 are configured tosupport or enable reassembly manager 104 as described in thisdisclosure. A given reassembly manager 104 may include some, all or moreelements than those depicted in FIG. 10. For example, combine logic 1010and control logic 1020 may separately or collectively represent a widevariety of logic device(s) or executable content to implement thefeatures of reassembly manager 104. Example logic devices may includeone or more of a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a processor circuit,an FPGA, an ASIC, a sequestered thread or a core of amulti-core/multi-threaded microprocessor, or a combination thereof.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 10, receive feature 1012, combinefeature 1014, sequence feature 1016 or indicate feature 1018. In someexamples, these features may separately or collectively represent logic,instructions or executable content. Combine logic 1010 may be configuredto use one or more of these features to perform operations. For example,receive feature 1012 may receive data segments associated with asegmented large data packet via a communication channel coupled to anetwork node. Combine feature 1014 may obtain information included indata segment headers for the data segments. Combine feature 1014 maythen combine payloads of the data segments based on the obtainedinformation in order to reassemble at least portions of the large datapacket. Sequence feature 1016 may determine whether one or more datasegments associated with the large data packet are missing. Indicatefeature 1018 may indicate to OS stack elements that the large datapacket has been received. Indicate feature 1018 may alternativelyindicate to the source of the data segments that one or more of datasegments associated with the large data packet have not been received orwhere received with errors.

In some examples, control logic 1020 may be configured to control theoverall operation of reassembly manager 104. As mentioned above, controllogic 1020 may represent any of a wide variety of logic device(s) orexecutable content. For some examples, control logic 1020 maybeconfigured to operate in conjunction with executable content orinstructions to implement the control of reassembly manager 104. In somealternate examples, the features and functionality of control logic 1020may be implemented within combine logic 1010.

According to some examples, memory 1030 may be arranged to storeexecutable content or instructions for use by control logic 1020 and/orcombine logic 1010. The executable content or instructions may be usedto implement or activate features, elements or logic of reassemblymanager 104. As described more below, memory 1030 may also be arrangedto at least temporarily maintain information associated with combiningor reassembling data segments associated with one or more large datapackets.

Memory 1030 may include a wide variety of non-volatile memory mediaincluding, but not limited to, one or more types of flash memory,programmable variables or states, ROM, RAM, or other static or dynamicstorage media.

In some examples, I/O interfaces 1040 may provide an interface via alocal communication medium or link between reassembly manager 104 andelements of system such as system 200. I/O interfaces 1040 may includeinterfaces that operate according to various communication protocols orstandards to communicate over the local communication medium or link.These communication protocols or standards may be described in one ormore industry standards (including progenies and variants) such as thoseassociated with the I²C specification, the SMBus specification, the PCIExpress specification or the USB, specification. This disclosure is notlimited to only the above-mentioned standards and associated protocols.

According to some examples, I/O interfaces 1040 may provide an interfacevia a network communication medium link or channel between reassemblymanager 104 and elements located remote with respect to a network nodeincluding reassembly manager 104. I/O interfaces 1040 may includeinterfaces that operate according to various communication protocols orstandards to communicate over the network communication medium link orchannel. These communication protocols or standards may be described instandards or specifications (including progenies and variants) such asthe Ethernet standard. This disclosure is not limited to only theEthernet standard and its associated protocols.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example flow diagram for forwarding data segmentsassociated with a large data packet. In some examples, elements ofnetwork 100 as shown in FIG. 1, elements of system 200 as shown in FIGS.2 and 5-8 and formats 300/400 as shown in FIGS. 3-4 may be used toillustrate example operations related to the flow chart depicted in FIG.11. Segmentation manager 102 as shown in FIG. 9 may also be used toillustrate the example operations. The described example operations arenot limited to implementations on network 100, elements of system 200 orformats 300/400 described for FIGS. 2-8 or to segmentation manager 102described for FIG. 9.

Moving from the start to block 1110 (Receive Notification), asegmentation manager 102 at network node 110 may include logic and/orfeatures configured to receive a notification (e.g., via receive feature912) that a large data packet is ready to be forwarded from network node110 to network node 120. In some examples, the large data packet mayinclude an amount of data that is larger than an MTU associated withnetwork 100 and/or one or more the communication channels coupled tonetwork node 110 or network node 120. For these examples, thenotification may have been received directly from OS stack elements 213(see transmit path 600) or relayed through I/O device drive 212 (seetransmit path 500).

Proceeding from block 1110 to block 1120 (Segment Large Data Packet),segmentation manager 102 may include logic and/or features configured tosegment the large data packet into a plurality of data segments (e.g.,via segment feature 914), each data segment including an amount of datathat is no greater than the MTU.

Proceeding from block 1120 to block 1130 (Generate Headers),segmentation manager 102 may include logic and/or features configured togenerate headers for the data segments (e.g., via header feature 916).In some examples, segmentation manager 102 may generate separate headersfor the data segments in the format of data segment header format 400.For these examples, the separate headers may each include an identifierto indicate an association with the large data packet and a sequencenumber to indicate a respective sequence of each data segment. Theseparate headers may also include a checksum. The separate headers mayalso include an IP header, but an IP header may not always be necessaryas mentioned previously.

Proceeding from block 1130 to block 1140 (Forward Data Segments),segmentation manager 102 may include logic and/or features configured toforward the data segments with separate headers via at least one of thecommunication channels coupled to network node 110 (e.g., via forwardfeature 918). In some examples, the separate headers may be forwarded indata segment format 300. For these examples, data segments in the formatof data segment format 300 may also include communication channelheaders. The communication channel headers may enable the data segmentsto be forwarded in a protocol format associated with a layer 2 protocols(e.g., Ethernet).

Proceeding from block 1140 to decision block 1150 (Receive NACK?),segmentation manager 102 may include logic and/or features configured todetermine whether a negative acknowledgement (NACK) has been received(e.g., via forward feature 912) following the forwarding of one or moreof the data segments. In some examples, the NACK may be an indicationreceived from either an intermediate node (e.g., intermediate nodes 130or 140) or network node 120 that one or more of the data segments werenot received or were received with errors. For these examples, thechecksum and/or sequence information included in the data segmentheaders may be used to determine whether data segments were either notreceived or where received with errors. According to some examples, if aNACK was received, the process moves to block 1040 and the one or moredata segments associated with the NACK may be re-forwarded. Otherwise,the process moves to decision block 1160.

Moving from decision block 1150 to decision block 1160 (Other large DataPackets?), segmentation manager 102 may determine whether additionallarge data packets need to be segmented. In some examples, if more largedata packets are to be segmented the process moves to block 1120.Otherwise, the process comes to an end.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example flow diagram for receiving data segmentsassociated with a large data packet. In some examples, elements ofnetwork 100 as shown in FIG. 1, elements of system 200 as shown in FIGS.2 and 5-8 and formats 300/400 as shown in FIGS. 3-4 may be used toillustrate example operations related to the flow chart depicted in FIG.12. Reassembly manager 104 as shown in FIG. 10 may also be used toillustrate the example operations. The described example operations arenot limited to implementations on network 100, elements of system 200 orformats 300/400 described for FIGS. 2-8 or to reassembly manager 104described for FIG. 10.

Moving from the start to block 1210 (Receive Data Segments), reassemblymanager 104 may include logic and/or features configured to receive datasegments (e.g., via receive feature 1012) via at least one of thecommunication channels coupled to network node 120. In some examples,the received data segments may separately include data segment headersin the format of data segment header format 400. For these examples, thedata segment headers may have an identifier that indicates the datasegments belong to a plurality of data segments associated with a largedata packet destined for network node 120. The separate data segmentheaders may also include respective sequence information and a checksum.

Proceeding from block 1210 to block 1220 (Combine Payloads), reassemblymanager 104 may include logic and/or features configured to obtaininformation from the separate headers for the received data segments andcombine payloads from data segments associated with the large datapacket (e.g., via combine feature 1014). In some examples, the payloadsmay be combined by reassembly manager 104 located at 170 device 230 (seereceive path 700 in FIG. 7) or combined by reassembly manager 104located at I/O device derive 213 (see receive path 800 in FIG. 8). Foreither example, the combined payloads may be placed in a memory havingone or more memory addresses associated with or allocated for the largedata packet.

Proceeding from block 1220 to decision block 1230 (Missing Segment(s)?),reassembly manager 104 may include logic and/or features configured todetermine whether one or more data segments associated with the largedata packet are missing (e.g., via sequence feature 1016). In someexamples, reassembly manager 104 may keep track of the sequenceinformation include in the data segment headers to determine whether anydata segments in the sequence are missing. For example, reassemblymanager 104 may create and maintain a table (e.g., in memory 1030) that,includes sequence information for the received data, segments.Reassembly manager 104 may also initiate a timer upon creation of thetable. If all the sequence information is filled in the table before thetimer expires, then reassembly manager 104 determines that all the datasegments for the large data packet have been received and the processmoves to block 1260. If the timer expires before the sequenceinformation is filled or completed in the table, then reassembly manger104 determines that data segments may be missing and the process movesto block 1240.

Moving from decision block 1230 to block 1240 (Forward NACK to Source),reassembly manager 104 may include logic and/or features configured toforward a NACK to the source of the data, segments (e.g., via indicatefeature 1018). In some examples, the NACK may serve as a notification tonetwork node 110 that one or more data segments associated with thelarge packet were missing.

Moving from decision block 1230 to decision block 1250 (Send Indicationto OS Stack Elements), reassembly manager 104 may include logic and/orfeatures to send or forward an indication to OS stack elements 213 thatthe large data packet has been received (e.g., via indicate feature1018). In some examples, the indication may include the memory addresshaving one or more memory addresses associated with or allocated for thelarge data packet.

Proceeding form either blocks 1240 or 1250 to decision block 1260(Resent or Addt'l Data Segments?), reassembly manager 104 may includelogic and/or features configured to determine whether resent datasegments have been received for the large data packet or whetheradditional data segments associated with another large data packet hasbeen received (e.g., via receive feature 1012). If resent or additionaldata segments have been received, the process moves to block 1220.Otherwise, the process comes to an end.

One or more aspects of at least one example may be implemented byrepresentative instructions stored on at least one machine-readablemedium which represents various logic within the processor, which whenread by a machine, computing device or system causes the machine,computing device or system to fabricate logic to perform the techniquesdescribed herein. Such representations, known as “IP cores” may bestored on a tangible, machine readable medium and supplied to variouscustomers or manufacturing facilities to load into the fabricationmachines that actually make the logic or processor.

Various examples may be implemented using hardware elements, softwareelements, or a combination of both. In some examples, hardware elementsmay include devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits,circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors,and so forth), integrated circuits, application specific integratedcircuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLD), digital signalprocessors (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), memory units,logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chipsets, and so forth. In some examples, software elements may includesoftware components, programs, applications, computer programs,application programs, system programs, machine programs, operatingsystem software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines,subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces,application program interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code,computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values,symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an example isimplemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary inaccordance with any number of factors, such as desired computationalrate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input datarates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and otherdesign or performance constraints, as desired for a givenimplementation.

Some examples may include an article of manufacture or at least onecomputer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium may include anon-transitory storage medium to store logic. In some examples, thenon-transitory storage medium may include one or more types ofcomputer-readable storage media capable of storing electronic data,including volatile memory or non-volatile memory, removable ornon-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable orre-writeable memory, and so forth. In some examples, the logic mayinclude various software elements, such as software components,programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, systemprograms, machine programs, operating system software, middleware,firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods,procedures, software interfaces, API, instruction sets, computing code,computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values,symbols, or any combination thereof.

According to some examples, a computer-readable medium may include anon-transitory storage medium to store or maintain instructions thatwhen executed by a machine, computing device or system, cause themachine, computing device or system to perform methods and/or operationsin accordance with the described examples. The instructions may includeany suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code,interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and thelike. The instructions may be implemented according to a predefinedcomputer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a machine,computing device or system to perform a certain function. Theinstructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level,low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpretedprogramming language.

Some examples may be described using the expression “in one example” or“an example” along with their derivatives. These terms mean that aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connectionwith the example is included in at least one example. The appearances ofthe phrase “in one example” in various places in the specification arenot necessarily all referring to the same example.

Some examples may be described using the expression “coupled” and“connected” along with their derivatives. These terms are notnecessarily intended as synonyms for each other. For example,descriptions using the terms “connected” and/or “coupled” may indicatethat two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contactwith each other. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two ormore elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet stillco-operate or interact with each other.

It is emphasized that the Abstract of the Disclosure is provided tocomply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b), requiring an abstract that willallow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technicaldisclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not beused to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Inaddition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen thatvarious features are grouped together in a single example for thepurpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is notto be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed examplesrequire more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather,as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in lessthan all features of a single disclosed example. Thus the followingclaims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with eachclaim standing on its own as a separate example. In the appended claims,the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-Englishequivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein,”respectively. Moreover, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and soforth, are used merely as labels, and are not intended to imposenumerical requirements on their objects.

In some examples a first method may be implemented. The first method mayinclude receiving a notification that a large data packet is ready to beforwarded from a network node to a destination. The large data packetmay include an amount of data that is larger than a maximum transmissionunit (MTU) associated with individual data, frames to be forwarded fromthe network node via a communication channel. For these examples, thelarge data packet may be segmented into a plurality of data segments.Each data, segment to include an amount of data no greater than the MTU.Separate headers may then be generated for each of the plurality of datasegments. The separate headers may include an identifier to indicate anassociation with the large data packet, a sequence number to indicate arespective sequence of each data segment, and a checksum. The pluralitydata segments may then be forwarded with separate headers via thecommunication channel.

According to some examples, implementing the first method may includeforwarding the data segments with separate headers in a protocol formatassociated with layer 2 protocols. Also the notification that the largepacket is read to be forwarded may have been received from elements ofan operating system for the network node. The elements may implementprotocols associated with layer 3 and above protocols. The notificationmay indicate a memory address associated with memory arranged to atleast temporarily maintain the large data packet.

In some examples, implementing the first method may also includesegmenting the large data packet and generating separate headers foreach of the data segments by-segmenting and generating separate headerswith a driver associated with a network I/O device for the network node.For these examples, the driver may be implemented as part of anoperating system for the network node. The plurality of data segmentswith separate headers may be forwarded through the network I/O device.The network I/O device may be configured to couple the network node tothe communication channel.

According to some examples, implementing the first method may alsoinclude segmenting the large data packet and generating separate headersfor each of the plurality of data segments by segmenting and generatingseparate headers with logic maintained at a network I/O device for thenetwork node. For these examples, the plurality of data segments withseparate headers may be forwarded through the network I/O device thatmay be configured to couple the network node to the communicationchannel.

In some examples, implementing the first method may also includereceiving an indication that one or more of the plurality of datasegments with separate headers was not received or was received witherrors at one of an intermediate network node or a destination networknode. The one or more data segments with separate headers that wereindicated as not received or received with errors may then bere-forwarded. For these examples, the intermediate network may include aswitch through which the plurality of data segments may be routed toreach the destination network node.

In some examples, for implementing the first method, the amount of dataincluded in the large data packet may equate to an amount greater thanor equal to 64 kilobytes.

According to some examples, for implementing the first method, theseparate headers may include an internet protocol (IP) header.

In some examples, implementing the first method may also includeforwarding the plurality of data segments with separate headers via thecommunication channel that is arranged to operate in accordance anEthernet standard and the MTU associated with individual data frames tobe forwarded from the network node equates to 1.5 kilobytes of data.

According to some examples, at least one machine readable mediumcomprising a plurality of instructions that in response to beingexecuted on a computing device cause the computing device to carry outthe first method as mentioned above.

In some examples an apparatus or device may include means for performingthe first method as mentioned above.

In some examples a second method may be implemented. The second methodmay include receiving a data segment at a network node via acommunication channel. The data segment including a header having anidentifier that indicates the data segment is one of a plurality of datasegments associated with a large data packet destined for the networknode. The header also including a checksum, and a sequence number toindicate a sequence of the data segment in relation to the plurality ofdata segments. Additional data segments may also be received at thenetwork node, the additional data segments separately having headersthat include the identifier, checksums, and sequence numbers to indicatea respective sequence of the additional data segments in relation to theplurality of data segments. A data payload may then be combined for thereceived data segment with data payloads for the received additionaldata segments. The combined data payloads may form at least a portion ofthe large data packet. The combined data payloads may have a data sizelarger than a maximum transmission unit (MTU) associated with individualdata frames received via the communication channel.

According to some examples, implementing the second method may alsoinclude receiving the data segments via the communication channel in aprotocol format associated with layer 2 protocols.

In some examples, implementing the second method may also includedetermining whether all the data segments associated with the large datapacket have been received and indicating to elements of an operatingsystem for the network node that the large data packet has beenreceived. The indication may be based on a determination that ail thedata segments associated with the large data packet have been received.The elements of the operating system may be arranged to implementprotocols associated with layer 3 and above protocols. For theseexamples, the combine data payloads may then be stored in a memory forthe network node. Also, the indication to the elements of the operationsystem may include one or more memory addresses associated with wherethe combined data payloads were stored in the memory.

According to some examples, implementing the second method may alsoinclude determining whether all the data segments associated with thelarge data packet have been received. An indication may be forwarded tothe source of the large data packet based on a determination that one ormore of the data segments associated with the large data packet have notbeen received.

In some examples, implementing the second method may also includecombining the data payload for the received data segment with datapayloads for the received additional data segments by combining the datapayloads with a driver associated with a network I/O device for thenetwork node. The driver may be implemented as part of an operatingsystem for the network node. The received data segment and theadditional data segments may be received through the network I/O devicethat is configured to couple the network node to the communicationchannel.

According to some examples, the second method may also include combiningthe data payload for the received data segment with data payloads forthe received additional data segments by combining the data payloadswith logic maintain at a network I/O device for the network node. Thereceived data segment and the additional data segments may be receivedthrough the network I/O device that may be configured to couple thenetwork node to the communication channel.

In some examples, implementing the second method may also includereceiving the data segment at the network node via the communicationchannel that may be arranged to operate in accordance an Ethernetstandard. The MTU associated with individual data frames received viathe communication channel may equal or equate to 1.5 kilobytes of data.

According to some examples, at least one machine readable mediumcomprising a plurality of instructions that in response to beingexecuted on a computing device cause the computing device to carry outthe second method as mentioned above.

In some examples an apparatus or device may include means for performingthe second method as mentioned above.

In some examples a third method may be implemented. The third method mayinclude receiving a notification from elements of an operating systemfor a network node that a large data packet is ready to be forwardedfrom the network node to a destination. The large data packet mayinclude an amount of data that is larger than a maximum transmissionunit (MTU) associated with individual Ethernet data frames to beforwarded from the network node via an Ethernet communication channel.The notification may have been received from elements of an operatingsystem at the network node that implement protocols associated withlayer 3 and above protocols. The notification may indicate a memoryaddress associated with memory arranged to at least temporarily maintainthe large data packet. The large data packet may then be segmented intoa plurality of data segments at a network input/output device for thenetwork node. The network input/output device may be arranged to couplethe network node to the Ethernet communication channel and each datasegment may include an amount of data no greater than the MTU. Separateheaders may then be generated for each of the plurality of data segmentsat the network input/output device. The separate headers may include anidentifier to indicate an association with the large data, packet, asequence number to indicate a respective sequence of each data segment,and a checksum. The checksum included in each of the plurality of datasegments may enable separate data segments from among the plurality ofdata segments to be retransmitted without retransmitting ail of theplurality of data segments. The plurality data segments may betransmitted with separate headers via the Ethernet communication channelin individual Ethernet data frames.

According to some examples, implementing the third method may includereceiving an indication that one or more of the plurality of datasegments with separate headers was not received or was received witherrors at one of an intermediate network node or a destination networknode. The one or more data segments with separate headers that wereindicated as not received or received with errors may then beretransmitted. The intermediate network node may include a switchthrough which the pluralities of data segments are routed to reach thedestination network node.

According to some examples, implementing the third method may includethe amount of data included in the large data packet comprising anamount greater than or equal to 64 kilobytes.

According to some examples, at least one machine readable mediumcomprising a plurality of instructions that in response to beingexecuted on a computing device cause the computing device to carry outthe third method as mentioned above.

In some examples an apparatus or device may include means for performingthe third method as mentioned above.

According to some examples, an apparatus or device may include aprocessor circuit and a memory unit communicatively coupled to theprocessor circuit. The memory-unit may be arranged to store instructionsfor logic operative on the processor circuit. The logic may beconfigured to receive a data segment at a network node coupled to acommunication channel. The data segment may include a header having anidentifier that indicates the data segment is one of a plurality of datasegments associated with a large data packet destined for the networknode. The header may also include a checksum and a sequence number toindicate a sequence of the data segment in relation to the plurality ofdata segments. The logic may also be configured to receive additionaldata segments at the network node. The additional data segments mayseparately have headers that include the identifier, checksums, andsequence numbers to indicate a respective sequence of the additionaldata segments in relation to the plurality of data segments. The logicmay also be configured to combine a data payload for the received data,segment with data payloads for the received additional data segments.The combined data payloads to form at least a portion of the large datapacket and to have a data size larger than a maximum transmission unit(MTU) associated with individual data frames received over thecommunication channel.

In some examples, the memory unit included in the device may includevolatile memory.

According to some examples, the logic operative on the processor circuitmay be configured to receive the data segments at the network nodecoupled to the communication channel in a protocol format associatedwith layer 2 protocols.

In some examples, the logic operative on the processor circuit may alsobe configured to determine whether all the data segments associated withthe large data packet have been received and indicate to elements of anoperating system for the network node that the large data packet hasbeen received based on a determination that all the data segmentsassociated with the large data packet have been received. The elementsof the operating system may be arranged to implement protocolsassociated with layer 3 and above protocols.

According to some examples, the processor circuit and the memoryincluded in the device may be maintained at a network I/O device for thenetwork node. The received data segment and the additional data segmentsreceived through the network TO device that is configured to couple thenetwork node to the communication channel.

In some examples, the logic operative on the processor circuit mayinclude a driver associated with a network I/O device for the networknode. The driver implemented as part of an operating system for thenetwork node. The received data, segment and the additional datasegments received through the network I/O device that is configured tocouple the network node to the communication channel.

According to some examples, the logic operative on the processor circuitmay be configured to receive the data segment at the network nodecoupled to the communication channel by the communication channel beingarranged to operate in accordance an Ethernet standard. For theseexamples, the MTU associated with individual data frames received overthe communication channel may equal or equate to 1.5 kilobytes of data.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above.Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed asexample forms of implementing the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving a notificationthat a large data packet is ready to be forwarded from a network node toa destination, the large data packet including an amount of data that islarger than a maximum transmission unit (MTU) associated with individualdata frames to be forwarded from the network node via a communicationchannel; segmenting the large data packet into a plurality of datasegments, each data segment to include an amount of data no greater thanthe MTU; generating separate headers for each of the plurality of datasegments, the separate headers including an identifier to indicate anassociation with the large data packet, a sequence number to indicate arespective sequence of each data segment, and a checksum; and forwardingthe plurality data segments with separate headers via the communicationchannel.
 2. The method of claim 1, comprising forwarding the datasegments with separate headers in a protocol format associated withlayer 2 protocols.
 3. The method of claim 2, comprising receiving thenotification from elements of an operating system for the network node,the elements to implement protocols associated with layer 3 and aboveprotocols, the notification indicating a memory address associated withmemory arranged to at least temporarily maintain the large data packet.4. The method of claim 1, segmenting the large data packet andgenerating separate headers for each of the data segments comprisessegmenting and generating separate headers with a driver associated witha network input/output device for the network node, the driverimplemented as part of an operating system for the network node, theplurality of data segments with separate headers to be forwarded throughthe network input/output device that is configured to couple the networknode to the communication channel.
 5. The method of claim 1, segmentingthe large data packet and generating separate headers for each of theplurality of data segments comprises segmenting and generating separateheaders with logic maintained at a network input/output device for thenetwork node, the plurality of data segments with separate headers to beforwarded through the network input/output device that is configured tocouple the network node to the communication channel.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, comprising: receiving an indication that one or more of theplurality of data segments with separate headers was not received or wasreceived with errors at one of an intermediate network node or adestination network node; and re-forwarding the one or more datasegments with separate headers that were indicated as not received orreceived with errors.
 7. The method of claim 6, comprising theintermediate network node including a switch through which the pluralityof data segments are routed to reach the destination network node. 8.The method of claim 1, the amount of data included in the large datapacket comprising an amount greater than or equal to 64 kilobytes. 9.The method of claim 1, comprising the separate headers including aninternet protocol (IP) header.
 10. The method of claim 1, comprising:forwarding the plurality of data segments with separate headers via thecommunication channel that is arranged to operate in accordance anEthernet standard and the MTU associated with individual data frames tobe forwarded from the network node equates to 1.5 kilobytes of data. 11.A method comprising: receiving a data segment at a network node via acommunication channel, the data segment including a header having anidentifier that indicates the data segment is one of a plurality of datasegments associated with a large data packet destined for the networknode, the header also including a checksum, and a sequence number toindicate a sequence of the data segment in relation to the plurality ofdata segments; receiving additional data segments at the network node,the additional data segments separately having headers that include theidentifier, checksums, and sequence numbers to indicate a respectivesequence of the additional data segments in relation to the plurality ofdata segments; and combining a data payload for the received datasegment with data payloads for the received additional data segments,the combined data payloads to form at least a portion of the large datapacket, the combined data payloads to have a data size larger than amaximum transmission unit (MTU) associated with individual data framesreceived via the communication channel.
 12. The method of claim 11,comprising receiving the data segments via the communication channel ina protocol format associated with layer 2 protocols.
 13. The method ofclaim 12, comprising: determining whether all the data segmentsassociated with the large data packet have been received; and indicatingto elements of an operating system for the network node that the largedata packet has been received based on a determination that all the datasegments associated with the large data packet have been received, theelements of the operating system arranged to implement protocolsassociated with layer 3 and above protocols.
 14. The method of claim 13,comprises: storing the combined data payloads in a memory for thenetwork node, the indication to the elements of the operation system toinclude one or more memory addresses associated with where the combineddata payloads were stored in the memory.
 15. The method of claim 11,comprising; determining whether ail the data segments associated withthe large data packet have been received; and forwarding an indicationto the source of the large data packet based on a determination that oneor more of the data segments associated with the large data packet havenot been received.
 16. The method of claim 11, combining the datapayload for the received data segment with data payloads for thereceived additional data segments comprises combining the data payloadswith a driver associated with a network input/output device for thenetwork node, the driver implemented as part of an operating system forthe network node, the received data segment and the additional datasegments received through the network input/output device that isconfigured to couple the network node to the communication channel. 17.The method of claim 11, combining the data payload for the received datasegment with data payloads for the received additional data segmentscomprises combining the data payloads with logic maintain at a networkinput/output device for the network node, the received data segment andthe additional data segments received through the network input/outputdevice that is configured to couple the network node to thecommunication channel.
 18. The method of claim 11, comprising: receivingthe data segment at the network node via the communication channel thatis arranged to operate in accordance an Ethernet standard and the MTUassociated with individual data frames received via the communicationchannel equates to 1.5 kilobytes of data.
 19. An apparatus comprising: aprocessor circuit; and a memory unit communicatively coupled to theprocessor circuit, the memory unit arranged to store instructions forlogic operative on the processor circuit, the logic configured toreceive a data segment at a network node coupled to a communicationchannel, the data segment including a header having an identifier thatindicates the data segment is one of a plurality of data, segmentsassociated with a large data packet destined for the network node, theheader also including a checksum, and a sequence number to indicate asequence of the data segment in relation to the plurality of datasegments, the logic also configured to receive additional data segmentsat the network node, the additional data, segments separately havingheaders that include the identifier, checksums, and sequence numbers toindicate a respective sequence of the additional data segments inrelation to the plurality of data segments, the logic also configured tocombine a data payload for the received data segment with data, payloadsfor the received additional data segments, the combined data payloads toform at least a portion of the large data packet, the combined datapayloads to have a data size larger than a maximum transmission unit(MTU) associated with individual data frames received over thecommunication channel.
 20. The apparatus of claim 19, comprising thememory unit to include volatile memory.
 21. The apparatus of claim 20,the logic configured to receive the data segments at the network nodecoupled to the communication channel in a protocol format associatedwith layer 2 protocols.
 22. The apparatus of claim 20, comprising thelogic configured to: determine whether ail the data, segments associatedwith the large data packet have been received; and indicate to elementsof an operating system for the network node that the large data packethas been received based on a determination that, all the data segmentsassociated with the large data packet have been received, the elementsof the operating system arranged to implement protocols associated withlayer 3 and above protocols.
 23. The apparatus of claim 20, comprisingthe processor circuit and the memory maintained at a networkinput/output device for the network node, the received data segment andthe additional data segments received through the network input/outputdevice that is configured to couple the network node to thecommunication channel.
 24. The apparatus of claim 19, comprising thelogic operative on the processor circuit to include a driver associatedwith a network input/output device for the network node, the driverimplemented as part of an operating system for the network node, thereceived data segment and the additional data segments received throughthe network input/output device that is configured to couple the networknode to the communication channel.
 25. The apparatus of claim 19, thelogic configured to receive the data segment at the network node coupledto the communication channel comprises the communication channelarranged to operate in accordance an Ethernet standard and the MTUassociated with individual data frames received over the communicationchannel equates to 1,5 kilobytes of data.
 26. A method comprising:receiving a notification from elements of an operating system for anetwork node that a large data packet is ready to be forwarded from thenetwork node to a destination, the large data packet including an amountof data that is larger than a maximum transmission unit (MTU) associatedwith individual Ethernet data frames to be forwarded from the networknode via an Ethernet communication channel, the notification receivedfrom elements of an operating system at the network node that implementprotocols associated with layer 3 and above protocols, the notificationindicating a memory address associated with memory arranged to at leasttemporarily maintain the large data packet; segmenting the large datapacket into a plurality of data segments at a network input/outputdevice for the network node, the network input/output device arranged tocouple the network node to the Ethernet communication channel, each datasegment to include an amount of data no greater than the MTU; generatingseparate headers for each of the plurality of data segments at thenetwork input/output device, the separate headers including anidentifier to indicate an association with the large data packet, asequence number to indicate a respective sequence of each data segment,and a checksum, the checksum included in each of the plurality of datasegments to enable separate data segments from among the plurality ofdata segments to be retransmitted without retransmitting all of theplurality of data, segments; and transmitting the plurality datasegments with separate headers via the Ethernet communication channel inindividual Ethernet data, frames.
 27. The method of claim 26 comprising:receiving an indication that one or more of the plurality of datasegments with separate headers was not received or was received witherrors at one of an intermediate network node or a destination networknode; and transmitting the one or more data segments with separateheaders that were indicated as not received or received with errors. 28.The method of claim 27, comprising the intermediate network nodeincluding a switch through which the pluralities of data segments arerouted to reach the destination network node.
 29. The method of claim26, the amount of data included in the large data packet comprising anamount greater than or equal to 64 kilobytes.